Have you ever wondered how national park concessionaires price the convenience items they sell?
Perhaps during the last visit to Yellowstone National Park you thought a bag of ice was overpriced, but beer seemed reasonable, at least compared to the prices you paid back home. Why did you have to pay such a high price for a quart of ice cream, while magazines and paperbacks sold for the same price at home?
Kind of mysterious, isn’t it?
Actually, the pricing isn’t mysterious at all. National Park Service concessionaires are required to price merchandise using published industry gross margins - the difference between cost and the price charged, divided by the price charged. If the average gross margin on candy is 50 percent, a concessionaire that pays 40 cents for a bar of candy would price the same candy for 80 cents.
A related statistic is the markup. The markup is the difference between cost and price, but divided by cost rather than price charged. In the case of the candy, the markup would be 100 percent. In other words, the concessionaire prices the candy at double its cost.
Markups and gross margins are different for different product categories. For example, a dispensed liquid beverage such as coffee has approximately three times the markup percentage as packaged sweet snacks. Markup regulations do not apply to merchandise already marked with a manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP).
As an example, suppose a concessionaire’s cost for a quart of ice cream is $2. The markup percentage allowed on packaged ice cream and novelties for 2012 is 92 percent, so the concessionaire would add 92 percent to its cost and price the ice cream at $2 x 1.92, or $3.84. The markup percentage for packaged bread is 46 percent, so a loaf of bread costing the concessionaire $2 would be priced at $2 x 1.46, or $3.92. Rounding is permitted, so the concessionaire could sell the bread for $4. However, a loaf of bread marked with a MSRP of $4.19 would trump the allowed markup and be sold at the higher price listed on the package.
Standard retail pricing practices such as using prices ending in 99 cents are permitted. Variances from published markup percentages are sometimes permitted, but only after approval on a case-by-case basis by the park superintendent. Picture Delaware-North, the concessionaire at Yosemite, asking the park superintendent if it can raise the price of a jar of jelly by 15 cents.
If concessionaires are required to use average industry markups, why do items sold in national park concession facilities often seem so expensive?
One reason is concessionaire costs are likely to be quite high. Can you imagine what Glacier Bay Lodge pays for candy bars? Or how much isolated North Cascades Lodge at Stehekin pays for a quart of ice cream? How about the price Forever Resorts at Big Bend National Park pays for a loaf of bread?
These are the costs subject to the standard industry markups listed below. The same markup percentage on an item that has a high cost will result in the item having a high retail price for national park visitors.
Also, if you are like us, at home you try to buy items when they are on sale. Who hasn’t stocked up on Coca-Cola when it is on special at four 12 packs for $10? When is the last time you saw beer, ice cream, bread, or candy bars on sale in a national park? Have you ever seen a sign in a store at Yosemite that says “Stock up and save”?
Buying convenience items in a national park means you will always be paying full retail. About the only things we have seen marked down in a national park store are faded T-shirts. Even distressed bananas generally sell at full retail.
Category Markups To Be Used By National Park Concessionaires During 2012
Category..................................................Markup Percentage
Cigarettes......................................................18%
Other tobacco.................................................46
Packaged beverages (non-alcoholic).......................67
Beer.............................................................26
Wine............................................................39
Liquor..........................................................35
Edible grocery.................................................81
Non-edible grocery...........................................73
Perishable grocery............................................55
Frozen foods...................................................82
Packaged ice cream...........................................92
Candy...........................................................106
Salty snacks.....................................................63
Packaged sweet snacks........................................49
Fluid milk products............................................43
Other dairy and deli...........................................67
Packaged bread................................................46
Health & beauty care.........................................113
General merchandise..........................................54
Automotive products..........................................87
Publications....................................................29
Ice...............................................................364
Food Service
Food prepared on-site.........................................115
Packaged sandwiches..........................................57
Hot dispensed beverages......................................148
Cold dispensed beverages.....................................94
Frozen dispensed beverages..................................98
Source: NACS State of the Industry Annual Report, 2010 Data as contained in Memorandum from Chief, NPS Commercial Services Program.
Comments
Hi from GA. . . I was actually surprised by how reasonable prices were at YENP last summer. Our family spent a fair amount of time perusing & purchasing souvenirs and I can't complain a bit about the prices. Anybody who has priced items in an airport gift shop OR on the Navaho reservation would agree that Yellowstone trinkets were quite reasonable. Regards, Craig
Why can't anyone just tell us now what the prices are in Yellowstone or any other park? I mean there's a lot of hinting going on, but no real information. Are you saying that a bag of ice that I get now for 99 cents is going to be $4 at Yellowstone? That's something people would want to know.
Everyone commenting here has visited at different times and prices change over time. I haven't been to Yellowstone for more than five years. The only good point of reference is how much things cost outside of the park at the time.
As for the cost of a bag of ice, I guess someone else here could comment. I remember paying $3 for a 7 lb bag at Yosemite back in 2009. That's probably about $1 more than outside the park. Also - it wasn't trucked in or anything. It was made on site (it's not that difficult to bring in a commercial ice machine), and there was even an automated bag dispenser outside the Yosemite Village store if you wanted to buy it after hours.
There are literally hundreds of examples. I think it's probably not going to do much good to try and list everything.