A grizzly bear sow who has no fear of humans, and who seems to be teaching her cubs not to be afraid of them, will be removed from Glacier National Park, Superintendent Chas Cartwright has announced.

The 17-year-old sow and her two yearlings have repeatedly entered backcountry campsites in the park during the past five years, according to the park.

“Unfortunately, this entire family group of grizzly bears has become overly familiar with humans," the superintendent said Wednesday. "Park resource personnel have worked to keep this bear and her
offspring in the wild for five years, but given her recent display of over-familiarity in combination with her long history of habituation, we have determined that the three grizzlies pose an unacceptable threat to human health and safety; and therefore, must be removed from the park.”

The bears have been closely monitored in recent weeks. The decision to remove the bears came only after a thorough review of events and the bears’ overt “conditioned” behavior toward human contact, according to a park release.

Glacier’s Bear Management Plan and Guidelines specifies that conditioned bears that display over familiarity must be removed from the park. While there are no zoos currently willing to take adult bears, park officials will make an effort to capture the yearlings and relocate them to the Bronx Zoo in New York; however, at this time the priority is to locate and remove the female.

Several documented encounters in July indicate that the female is highly conditioned to humans as defined by the park's Bear Management Plan and Guidelines. That, coupled with the female’s history of human interaction dating back to 2004, led park managers to determine that the bear poses an unacceptable risk to public safety and must be removed. Park rangers are currently working to locate the bears in the park’s backcountry in the vicinity of Cut Bank Valley.

Glacier's bear management policy is to maintain natural population dynamics and, to the extent possible, promote natural behavior in the presence of humans. So far in 2009, two separate incidents have been documented where the female grizzly has exhibited behavior that could be classified as “repeatedly and purposefully approaches humans in a non- defensive situation,” the park said.

The female has frequented the Morning Star and Old Man Lake backcountry campgrounds, both in the Two Medicine/Cut Bank area repeatedly for the last five years. During that time, the female grizzly has produced two sets of cubs. Throughout this time, both the mother and her offspring have approached hikers, forcing them off trails, have come into cooking areas while people yelled and waved their arms at the bears, and sniffed at tents during the night, the park reported. Numerous efforts have been attempted to haze them and aversively condition the bear and her young to avoid human interactions, but those efforts have been unsuccessful.

Aversive conditioning is the application of negative reinforcement aimed at behavior modification. Rangers have used noise, Karelian Bear Dogs, and other non-lethal stimuli to encourage the grizzly to keep away from humans and backcountry campgrounds.

The grizzly bear is protected by the Endangered Species Act, and as such, every effort was made to deal with the bear’s conditioning to humans in a non-lethal manner.

“Glacier National Park’s Bear Management Plan and Guidelines are dynamic management tools that receive periodic international peer review," Superintendent Cartwright said. "The plan and guidelines clearly state the conditions of how we manage Glacier’s bear populations, both black and grizzlies. These tools also reflect the best available knowledge and management techniques that bear managers can employ. This decision [to remove the family of grizzlies] is the result of Glacier’s ongoing coordination with the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the agency charged with administering the
Endangered Species Act.“